Cites

Published Apr 6, 2024

Definition of CITES

CITES stands for the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. It is an international agreement between governments aimed at ensuring that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival. The convention was drafted as a result of a resolution adopted in 1963 at a meeting of members of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

How CITES Works

CITES works by subjecting international trade in specimens of selected species to certain controls. All import, export, re-export, and introduction from the sea of species covered by the Convention must be authorized through a licensing system. Each party to the Convention must designate one or more Management Authorities in charge of administering that licensing system and one or more Scientific Authorities to advise them on the effects of trade on the status of the species.

The species covered by CITES are listed in three appendices, according to the degree of protection they need:

• Appendix I includes species threatened with extinction. Trade in specimens of these species is permitted only in exceptional circumstances.
• Appendix II includes species not necessarily threatened with extinction, but in which trade must be controlled to avoid utilization incompatible with their survival.
• Appendix III contains species that are protected in at least one country, which has asked other CITES Parties for assistance in controlling the trade.

Importance of CITES

CITES plays a crucial role in the conservation of biodiversity by regulating international trade in endangered species of animals and plants. It aims to ensure that the international trade does not threaten the survival of the species in the wild, offering varying levels of protection to more than 35,000 species. The convention also raises global awareness and fosters cooperation among nations for wildlife conservation.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

How effective is CITES in protecting endangered species?

CITES has been considered effective in raising international awareness and in providing a framework for the protection of endangered species through regulating trade. However, its effectiveness is often contingent upon the ability of each member country to enforce its regulations, which can vary significantly.

Can a species be moved from one appendix to another?

Yes, species can be moved between appendices. Changes to appendices are made by the Conference of the Parties (CoP), which meets every two to three years. A two-thirds majority vote is required for changes to Appendices I and II.

What are the criticisms of CITES?

Criticisms of CITES often center on its enforcement. Because enforcement falls to individual countries, the effectiveness can vary widely. Furthermore, some critics argue that CITES does not address the root causes of habitat loss. There is also a debate on whether CITES regulations might inadvertently create black markets for certain species.

How does CITES impact international trade?

CITES directly impacts international trade by requiring that trades involving species listed in its appendices comply with its regulations. This includes securing the appropriate permits and certificates for the import, export, or re-export of these species. For commercial industries that depend on wildlife products, compliance with CITES can add layers of regulation but helps ensure the sustainability of the resources they utilize.

CITES represents a critical effort in global conservation, providing a framework through which countries can cooperate in protecting endangered species. Its implementation and success depend on the commitment and cooperation of its member countries, as well as the robustness of their respective legal and administrative measures.